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Abstract Nusantara is the land with various old tales. There is remaining some historical facts that is still urgent to discuss. One of past theme that is interesting is the relation of kingdoms and lands. Aceh Darussalam is one of the greatest kingdom in Sumatra and the strait of Malaka. Their existence had regarded as the guard, but for the other groups see it as threat. In some cases, that outlook can be changing, depending on the regional political context. The Kingdom of Johor becomes a one of political entity that is actively associated with Aceh. They need a strong colleague, in order to continue their development into estabilished kingdom. Their dark past, that is the fall of Malaka because Portuguese attack in 1511, is used for building a billateral cooperation with Aceh. Instead, the two kingdoms involved family relations. As we khow, marriage is the one of ancient diplomatic model in Middle Ages. During the wheel of time, the diplomatic boundery between Aceh and Johor is not always on the line. At the one day, Johor had known that Aceh had another goal behind his intentions. Aceh had planned that Johor is part of Aceh's subordinate area. Therefore, Johor had decided Portuguese as his friend. This decision contraries to the vision of Aceh. Aceh had thougt that Portuguese is his rival. Aceh had showed his anger with several attacks to Johor. This Paper will explain the model of ancient diplomacies, in case of the relation of Aceh and Johor. Some kind of that such as the diplomacy in politic and intellectual sphere. --- Abstrak Nusantara merupakan ranah yang kaya akan kisah masa lalu. Di dalamnya terendap beragam peristiwa yang masih aktual dibicarakan. Satu tema yang menarik adalah mengenai hubungan kenegerian antarkerajaan. Aceh Darussalam merupakan salah satu kerajaan besar di Sumatera dan perairan Malaka. Keberadaannya dianggap pengayom, namun bagi kelompok lain, ia diangap sebagai ancaman. Pada titik tertentu, pandangan ini bisa saja berubah-ubah, tergantung pada kondisi politik regional. Kesultanan ...

Everyone has the right to practice their religion and adhere to their beliefs. Unfortunately, minority sects such as the Shi'a community cannot celebrate their beliefs freely as citizens. They had to hide their identity as Shi'a congregations in order to prevent conflicts and to protect themselves and their families. Against this background, this article aims to examine the strategy of the Shi'a community in Malang City in exercising freedom of religion and belief as a minority religious group in the midst of the Sunni community. This study puts the Shi'a religious group in Malang City as a subaltern that is often discriminated against and excluded socially and politically. This study's data was gathered through interviews and a review of the literature. The selection of research informants was carried out through a purposive sampling technique. By using a qualitative approach with the case study method, this study finds at least three strategies developed by the Shi'a community in Malang City to practice their freedom of religion and belief, namely the Taqiyyah strategy, strengthening the congregation through Huseiniyah recitation, and teaching their children about two different versions of prayer.

This paper discusses the fading ideology of the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) since the 2009-2019 elections as one of the Islamic parties that is considered to have the clearest ideology when compared with other Islamic parties and with nationalist ideological parties. The fading of the PKS ideology indicates the strengthening of political pragmatism on the one hand, but at the same time it is the choice of the PKS political strategy to increase the gain of votes from the 2009 elections to the 2019 elections. This research used qualitative research methods to analyze the journey of PKS participation in the 2009 to 2019 elections. The data in this study were collected through literature study. This study argues that political parties in Indonesia will implement various strategies to reap as many votes in elections. There is a tendency to moderate and even marginalize ideologies in favor of winning contestation. Despite having a militant conservative religious voter base, the PKS chose to moderate the party's ideology through an inclusion-moderation strategy from the 2009 election to the 2019 election. This article concludes that the fading color of PKS' ideology is a consequence of the choice of inclusion-moderation strategy. Therefore, in the context of formulating a public policy agenda, the ideological positions of political parties in Indonesia can hardly be clearly distinguished.

The high spread of radical ideology in Indonesia has led to the potential and threat of spreading radical ideology to various regions. West Sumbawa Regency is one of the potential areas of the spread of radicalism, especially religious radicalism, because there were some social communities that have religious doctrine of the caliphate that contradicts with Pancasila. So it required some preventive efforts to overcome it. This research aims to find out the factors that trigger the rise of religious radicalism in West Sumbawa Regency and find out the efforts and strategies to prevent the entry of radical ideas in West Sumbawa Regency. This research was carried out in West Sumbawa Regency. Data collection was done by survey techniques through interviews using research questionnaires. Interviews were conducted with 30 respondents. The strategy of preventing religious radicalism was formulated using the SWOT analysis method. This study found that at least, there are 3 factors that can trigger religious radicalism in West Sumbawa Regency include; dissatisfaction with government policies, weak government oversight of schools indicated by radical movements, and religious understanding that felt the most right compared to other groups. Based on the findings and analysis results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that the strategy to ward off religious radicalism in West Sumbawa Regency is an S-O (Strengths-Opportunity) strategy, which is a strategy that utilizes existing strengths to seize opportunities.

AbstractNusantara is the land with various old tales. There is remaining some historical facts that is still urgent to discuss. One of past theme that is interesting is the relation of kingdoms and lands. Aceh Darussalam is one of the greatest kingdom in Sumatra and the strait of Malaka. Their existence had regarded as the guard, but for the other groups see it as threat. In some cases, that outlook can be changing, depending on the regional political context. The Kingdom of Johor becomes a one of political entity that is actively associated with Aceh. They need a strong colleague, in order to continue their development into estabilished kingdom. Their dark past, that is the fall of Malaka because Portuguese attack in 1511, is used for building a billateral cooperation with Aceh. Instead, the two kingdoms involved family relations. As we khow, marriage is the one of ancient diplomatic model in Middle Ages. During the wheel of time, the diplomatic boundery between Aceh and Johor is not always on the line. At the one day, Johor had known that Aceh had another goal behind his intentions. Aceh had planned that Johor is part of Aceh's subordinate area. Therefore, Johor had decided Portuguese as his friend. This decision contraries to the vision of Aceh. Aceh had thougt that Portuguese is his rival. Aceh had showed his anger with several attacks to Johor. This Paper will explain the model of ancient diplomacies, in case of the relation of Aceh and Johor. Some kind of that such as the diplomacy in politic and intellectual sphere. ---AbstrakNusantara merupakan ranah yang kaya akan kisah masa lalu. Di dalamnya terendap beragam peristiwa yang masih aktual dibicarakan. Satu tema yang menarik adalah mengenai hubungan kenegerian antarkerajaan. Aceh Darussalam merupakan salah satu kerajaan besar di Sumatera dan perairan Malaka. Keberadaannya dianggap pengayom, namun bagi kelompok lain, ia diangap sebagai ancaman. Pada titik tertentu, pandangan ini bisa saja berubah-ubah, tergantung pada kondisi politik regional. Kesultanan Johor menjadi salah satu kesultanan yang aktif berhubungan dengan Aceh Darussalam. Johor membutuhkan rekanan yang tangguh, agar bisa terus berkembang menjadi kerajaan yang mapan. Masa lalu yang kelam, yakni dikuasainya Malaka oleh Portugis pada 1511, membulatkan tekad Johor untuk beriringan dengan Aceh dalam kerjasama bilateral. Malah, kedua kerajaan terikat oleh hubungan kekerabatan. Hal ini karena beberapa pangeran dan putri Johor menikah dengan pangeran dan putri dari Aceh. Seperti diketahui, pernikahan merupakan bentuk diplomasi kuno di Abad Pertengahan. Dalam perjalanannya, diplomasi yang dijalin Aceh dan Johor tidaklah berjalan mulus. Pada satu keadaan, Johor menyadari bahwa Aceh mempunyai motif lain, yakni ingin menjadikan Johor bagian dari daerah pengaruhnya. Oleh sebab itu, Johor memutuskan menjalin hubungan dengan Portugis, agar bisa lepas dari bayang-bayang Aceh. Aceh yang memang menjadikan Portugis sebagai rivalnya, marah dengan kebijakan Johor. Sejak itu di beberapa fase hubungan Aceh dan Johor terlibat peperangan. Tulisan ini akan mengangkat model dua diplomasi kuno seperti yang tersaji dalam kasus kerajaan Aceh dan Johor. Beberapa yang bisa disebutkan adalah diplomasi politik dan intelektual. DOI:10.15408/al-turas.v23i1.4800

Abstract: This paper will show an example of governance practices and innovations of good governance (good practice) in large framework of good governance in Indonesia. This paper describes how the community is involved in the development process. By using the perspective of the ladder of participation from Bovaird and Loffler (2004) or participation ladder in the development process, the local district government of West Sumbawa successfully carry out the spirit of good governance at the grass roots level in the community. Key Words: Good practice; ladder of participation; governance inovation; Abstraksi: Tulisan ini akan menunjukkan salah satu contoh praktik tata kelola dan inovasi tata pemerintahan yang baik (good practice) dalam kerangka besar good governance di Indonesia. Paper ini menggambarkan bagaimana masyarakat dilibatkan dalam proses pembangunan. Dengan menggunakan perspektif ladder of participation Bovaird dan Loffler (2004) atau tangga partisipasi dalam proses pembangunan, pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat berhasil melaksanakan spirit good governance di level akar rumput di masyarakat. Kata-kata Kunci: Good practice; ladder of participation; inovasi tata kelola;

Nusantara is known as the world's main supplier of spices since classical times. Various spices such as pepper, nutmeg and cloves are excellent in the international market. Studies on Indonesian spices, as conducted by Wellan, OW Wolters, J.C. Van Leur, Chalwani Michrob to Fahmi Irfani show a map of the important pepper trade in Sumatra and Java. It should be noted that the spice trade network is also related to the spiritual contact between Islam and Hindu-Buddhist teachings or local beliefs. This can be seen traces in Palembang, Banten and Demak. By using the historical method armed with a socio-economic approach, a number of historical explanations can be found. The author uses an explanation model by looking at the function of the port on the coast, its relation to trade routes in the interior. The purpose of writing this article is to present a new studyfor the historical discourse of Islam Nusantara. As is well known, seas, lakes, rivers and various watery inlets, both dynamic and static, are not a barrier to human interaction in the archipelago. In addition to the commercial aspect, which has been widely reviewed by a number of previous researchers, there is other information that has not been discussed, namely the existence of a spiritual-intellectual network that is connected between onearea and another. The author finds a number of interesting facts, such as the emergence of the discourse of Islamic cosmopolitanism which is the result of a dialogue between immigrant and coastal communities. For example, in the case of the establishment of the Palembang Sultanate, Ki Gede ing Suro, a political figure from Demak, built a mosque near the Kutogawang Palace as a locus of Islamic education for the local population. There are findings in the form of the distribution of Ilmu Kebal (similar to Ilmu Pancasona) which was inherited by Arya Penangsang from Jipang Panolan, Central Java, to his descendants who are believed to still exist in the Mount Batu, Komering. This cross-island relationship isan important finding that confirms that in the XV-XVI centuries, cross-island intellectual spiritual contacts have been found in the archipelago. This article is the result of research on cities and intellectual networks in Palembang, Banten and Palembang funded by the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia.

This study aims to test the influence of educational background, capacity, integrity, and conflict of role in the audit team on audit quality of government internal auditors in Aceh. This study is a hypothesis testing research. The population were 299 auditors working for the inspectorate's office of regency and city in Aceh. Then, by using Slovin formula and proportionate stratified random sampling, the samples were 92 auditors. The data used were primary data for the year 2020 collected through a questionnaire on a one-stage time horizon. The analysis method used multiple linear regression. The result showed that educational background had no influence, while capacity, integrity, and conflict of role in the audit team partially had an influence on audit quality of government internal auditors in Aceh. Limitation of this study was questionaires were sent via internet by using google form, so that not all questionnaires were returned by the respondents. In addition, the time for returning the questionnaires was different between the respondents and some even returned them too long. The implications of this study is that it can help the government, especially the government of regency and city in Aceh, to be able to improve the audit quality of internal auditors by taking into account the factors that influence it, in particular the capacity and integrity of internal auditors.

Penelitian ini menjawab pertanyaan yaitu faktor apa di antara variabel persepsi terhadap keadilan sosial atau variabel kepercayaan interpersonal yang paling memprediksi kepercayaan politik. Metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah korelasional, dengan subjek penelitian yaitu mahasiswa perguruan tinggi se-Indonesia yang berusia di atas 19 tahun, dengan teknik accidental sampling, dan didapatkan sejumlah 1161 responden. Persepsi keadilan sosial diukur dengan Procedural dan Distributive Justice Scale (Blader & Tyler, 2003), kepercayaan interpersonal diukur dengan Propensity to Trust Scale (Evans & Revelle, 2008), dan kepercayaan politik diukur dengan Citizen Trust in Government Organizations Scale (Grimmelikhuijsen & Knies, 2015). Hasil menunjukan bahwa kepercayaan politik berkorelasi positif secara signifikan dengan persepsi keadilan sosial (r = 0.714, n = 1161, p>0.01, one-tailed) dan kepercayaan interpersonal (r = 0.112, n = 1161, p>0.01, one-tailed). Hasil dari analisis regresi juga menunjukan bahwa persepsi keadilan sosial menjadi prediktor yang lebih kuat (β = 0.711) dibandingkan kepercayaan interpersonal (β = 0.114) terhadap kepercayaan politik.